Comparative Analysis of Dielectric Substrate Materials on the Performance of CPW-Fed Patch Antenna with a Variable Feed Line Width for Extremely High Frequency (EHF) Wireless Applications such as 5G/6G

The author of this article creates a multi-band microstrip patch antenna with dimensions of 34 x 34 x 1 mm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> on three distinct substrates with different dielectric constant <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{(\varepsilon_{\mathrm{r}})}$</tex> as Arlon <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{\left(\varepsilon_r=2.5\right)}$</tex>, FR4 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{\left(\varepsilon_r=4.3\right)}$</tex> substrate and perprem <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{\left(\varepsilon_{\mathrm{r}}=5\right)}$</tex>. The findings demonstrate that substrate materials with varying dielectric constants have an impact on the S11 characteristics of antennas. Author finds that feed line width (Wd) also affects the electrical parameters of antenna. CST software is used for antenna design and simulation. After simulation the simulated results are obtained. Best results are obtained for antenna with FR4 substrate (Proposed antenna) material in comparison to other substrate material with same feed line width (Wd=1.4mm). proposed antenna has three resonance frequencies of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{(fr)}$</tex> of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{f r 1=26.7 \text{GHz}, f r 2=34.7 \text{GHz}, f r 3=41.7}$</tex> GHz at feed line width of 1.4mm. At resonance frequencies of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{(fr)}$</tex> of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{fr1=26.7}$</tex> GHZ, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{fr2=34.7}$</tex> GHZ, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{fr3=41.7}$</tex> GHz, antenna has Triple bands, with reflection coefficients less than -15 dB, having impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 22–28 GHz,32-37 GHz and 39–44 GHZ with the return loss (|S11|) of -27dB, -50dB, and -39dB respectively. At resonance frequencies of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{(fr)}$</tex> of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{fr1=26.7}$</tex> GHZ, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{fr2=34.7}$</tex> GHZ, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\boldsymbol{fr3=41.7}$</tex> GHz antenna has Gain of 5.9 dBi, 7.2 dBi and 7.7 dBi. Proposed design may be used for extremely high frequency (EHF) bands. Considering the abundance of available bandwidth, this design can be used for 5G and 6G high-speed internet services. The proposed antenna with FR4 substrate allows for multiband operation with an impressive impedance bandwidth that is appropriate for a range of wireless applications, according to a comparison with earlier research.