Advanced Metering Infrastructure Survey on Security: Vulnerabilities, Attacks, and Countermeasures for a 5kW PV Microgrid

The growing digitalization of power systems has required the need of Smart Grids (SGs), it merges traditional energy distribution framework with communication technology. A central feature of these grids is Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), It enables bidirectional communication between consumers and energy providers. It is one of the main components of a smart grid. It offers real time overview of electricity usage which improves operational efficiency and optimizes power demand management. As there is an increased dependency of AMI system which rely on interconnected network and cloud-based data handling they introduce new security challenges. The potential issues include unauthorized breaches, data manipulation, and service interruptions all threaten the dependability of smart grid operations. This study examines vulnerabilities at multiple levels of AMI system-hardware, data and communication-and surveys on recent SGs, security measures and intrusion detection systems (IDS). It will focus on attack, approach to mitigate and provide counter measures in the context of a 5kW solar power microgrid. The security considerations and best practices identified here were designed and implemented in the main system.