DELTa: Dynamic Energy-and-Latency-Aware Task Scheduling for Fog-Cloud Paradigm

The rapid proliferation of IoT devices like smartphones, smartwatches, etc. has significantly elevated the quantity of data requiring execution. It poses challenges for centralized Cloud computing servers, such as latency overhead and increased consumption of energy. To address this, Fog computing has been incorporated in this research as a complementary paradigm to the Cloud-based computing model. It thereby reduces the huge distance between end-user IoT gadgets and the Cloud computing servers. In order to improve the latency and waiting time this research employs a Multi-Level Queue (MLQ) for classifying tasks based on their priority. For parallel processing, a Self-adaptive Fuzzy C-means++ (SaFCm++) approach has been applied to cluster the Fog computing nodes depending on the heterogeneity of the computational nodes. For efficient scheduling, a Dynamic Energy-and-Latency-aware Task scheduling (DELTa) approach has been proposed to optimize latency, makespan, and utilization of resources. Extensive simulations are carried out for different test cases considering task and machine heterogeneity, followed by a statistical analysis. The overall improvements of the proposed method over other baselines are 9.75% for makespan, 64.59% for service latency, 13.90% for resource utilization, and 12.75% for energy consumption. The proposed energy-efficient scheduling method effectively manages diverse tasks and resources, enhancing task processing efficiency while minimizing energy consumption and maximizing resource utilization. Furthermore, the value of the Friedman statistics <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F_F</i> for the proposed model is estimated at 5.44, which shows superiority over the crucial value for four methodologies and four evaluation matrices.