Enhancing the Frequency Deviation in MPS Utilizing Demand Response Techniques for Irregularity Between Sources and Load

This article describes the utilization of a Demand Response (DR) technique for enhancing the Frequency deviation of a modern power system (MPS). The power system under study integrates three different power sources-gas, hydro, and thermal-in each control area with several real-time nonlinearities, including governor dead band (GDB), boiler dynamics, and generation rate constraint (GRC). The renewables sources (solar and wind plant) are penetrated in area-1 and area-2 respectively. A self-adaptive fuzzy-PID (SA-FPID) controller is suggested for investigated MPS model. The effectiveness of existing controller is compared with several existing controllers. An Opposition based Sea-Horse Optimization (OSHO) is designed to get optimum settings of various deployed controllers. A more complex automated generation control (AGC) approach of a hybrid DR technique appears in the integration of intrinsic communication delay into the DR loop. All system physical constraints are taken into account together with DR with step delay to assess the stability of the investigated MPS. Additionally, an analysis is conducted on the test system's steady state error evaluation. The results show that the proposed control algorithm works significantly better than other control strategies. For the system under study, the clearly raised results support the frequency deviation technique with DR that is proposed.