The brain-computer interface in the recovery of upper limb motor function after stroke

Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology is a promising development for restoring motor functions of the upper limb (UL). The article presents the data of randomized clinical trials from 2016 to 2024 years on the use of BCIs in post-stroke dysfunction of UL, depending on the severity of paresis, the time of starting and length of rehabilitation period, the training mode and the evaluated indicator. BCI stimulates neuroplasticity, which is confirmed by functional magnetic resonance imaging data. The efficacy of BCI in restoring UL function after stroke is shown according to the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) in patients with moderate and severe paresis. Data on the duration of motor, cognitive and emotional improvement and the impact on functional independence are only available in a limited number of studies and require further investigation.