Implementación de sistemas de información geográfica en la planificación urbana inteligente

Urban planning faces significant challenges due to the accelerated growth of cities and the fragmentation of geospatial information. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have emerged as an innovative solution that facilitates spatial analysis and data-driven decision making. This study aims to analyze the implementation of GIS in smart urban planning, highlighting its benefits, challenges and emerging applications. To this end, a literature review was conducted in indexed databases such as Scopus, in addition to queries in Google Scholar and governmental pages. A total of 1,164 relevant documents were identified, and a correlation analysis was performed using VOSviewer software. The results show that GIS optimize land use, improve infrastructure planning and reduce operating costs. However, their implementation faces barriers such as lack of standardization, shortage of trained professionals, and institutional resistance to change. Emerging applications, such as integration with artificial intelligence and Big Data, enable the development of predictive models and environmental risk management. In conclusion, although there are challenges in their adoption, GIS represent a key tool for sustainable and intelligent urban planning.