Efficacy of comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with gnathic variants of distal occlusion

Comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with anomalies of the maxillofacial region is one of the urgent tasks of dentistry. The aim of the study was to develop methods of differential diagnosis and to determine the effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with gnathic variants of distal occlusion. Material and methods. The study included two main stages. At the first stage, a retrospective analysis of teleradiographs of 49 patients with physiological occlusion and 32 radiographs with distal occlusion was carried out. To determine the position of the jaws, nasal-supramental (sn-n-sm) was assessed. Results and discussion. The nasal-supramental angle in the comparison group was (8.95 ± 1.67)°. In distal occlusion, the angle was more than 11°. In all variants of physiological occlusion, the proportionality of the interalveolar and alveolar-dental parameters of the upper and lower jaws was determined. The gnathic forms of distal occlusion anomalies are characterized by a discrepancy in the size of the jaws and, in particular, in the dentoalveolar dimensions. Conclusion. To determine the vertical parameters, it is recommended to use the principle of the "golden section", in which the ratio of the value of the nasal-gnatic angle to the value of the gnatic angle is close to the values of the Fibonacci number (1.618). The use of the value of the nasal-suprametric facial angle can be used in clinical practice to determine the forms of distal occlusion. The proportionality of the parameters of the dentoalveolar arches determines the relationship between the dimensions of the upper and lower jaw, which can be used as a determination of the effectiveness of rehabilitation of patients with various forms of occlusion anomalies according to Sagittali.