Bio-based nanomaterials as effective, friendly solutions and their applications for protecting water, soil, and air

Bio-based nanomaterials are gaining considerable attention in environmental applications due to their excellent properties such as biodegradability, renewability, biocompatibility, and synergetic effects. In this work, we provide a comprehensive review of bio-based materials, mainly exploring their various applications in environmental sectors, such as water treatment, soil remediation, biodegradable plastics, their advantages, and challenges. Particularly, we categorized the functions of bio-based nanomaterials in a circular economy. Ultimately, we discussed thoroughly the present challenges associated with the production and application of bio-based nanomaterials. We believe this work provides inspiring ideas and strategies for ongoing research and development in bio-based nanomaterials to address environmental challenges in our world. • This review provides insights for future research on sustainable nanomaterials. • Biocompatible, biodegradable, and renewable approaches are reviewed in details. • Water treatment, soil remediation, and biodegradable plastics are discussed. • Key challenges in production and application are critically analyzed. • Role of bio-based nanomaterials in circular economy is systematically categorized.