The Application of Sichuan and Chongqing Regional Cultural Identity Factors in the Appearance Design of Subway Trains

The regional culture of Sichuan and Chongqing in China is deeply rooted in history, yet its integration into contemporary urban rail train design remains underdeveloped. While contributing to academic discourse, existing research has not effectively addressed the homogenization of subway design, which often lacks cultural depth and regional distinction. This study explores the constituent elements, current status, and challenges of incorporating regional cultural identity into the design of urban rail trains in Sichuan and Chongqing. Using a mixed-methods approach—including literature review, quantitative analysis through surveys and statistical methods, and qualitative research employing deconstruction, reconstruction, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)—this study constructs an evaluation model to assess the influence level of regional cultural factors. These factors are integrated into subway train design by systematically identifying and optimizing high-impact cultural elements to enhance cultural heritage and establish a strong regional identity. The design framework is structured around a symbolic system that aligns with public perception, aesthetic preferences, and cultural recognition, ensuring a balance between modern and traditional elements. Sichuan and Chongqing’s unique patterns, cultural motifs, and design elements are synthesized into a cohesive train design, reinforcing cultural identity and aesthetic value. This research provides theoretical and practical guidance for the future development of urban rail transport design and contributes to the broader goal of promoting Chinese cultural confidence. Furthermore, it offers valuable insights for internationalizing China’s high-end equipment manufacturing, particularly in the Belt and Road Initiative and ASEAN-related projects.