Being Trapped in an Abusive Relationship: A Phenomenological Study of Women’s Experiences of Violence in Intimate Relationships

Despite South Africa having interventions to address intimate partner violence (IPV) and offer women places of safety, they stay for long periods in IPV relationships. However, research on this topic is limited. Therefore, we examined the reasons why women stay for long periods of time in IPV relationships in a sample of women who were living in shelters for abused women in Gauteng Province, South Africa, and explored their experiences during the stay in IPV relationships. We used a descriptive phenomenological research approach and recruited and conducted in-depth interviews with 11 women who had left IPV relationships. The data were analysed using Giorgi’s phenomenological analysis method. Although women experienced a myriad of violent acts, physical violence was the most prevalent form of violence. Leaving the IPV relationship was not easy, as it involved an array of decision-making marked by a continuum of events. Various concerns kept most women trapped. They struggled with guilt and fear, emotional investment, love for the partner, fear of provoking more anger, and the hope that the partner will change. Hoping that the partner would change, having nowhere to go, and financial dependency were compounding factors that led to the feeling of being trapped in the relationship. However, having nowhere to go was the foremost factor that delayed women from leaving. Interventions to mitigate IPV should focus on understanding why women remain in abusive relationships for a long time to inform the design and development of effective interventions.