The role of conservation translocations in the recovery of the endangered Djimaalap/noisy scrub-bird (Atrichornis clamosus): from Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve and back

Context Djimaalap/noisy scrub-bird (Atrichornis clamosus) translocations between 1983 and 2018 have been a major management strategy for this cryptic semi-flightless songbird, which was once considered extinct. Aims We review 40 years of translocations, assessing the importance of Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve, Western Australia as a source of founders, and the role of translocations in Djimaalap/noisy scrub-bird recovery. Methods An evaluation of translocation successes and failures and the impact of removing birds from the Two Peoples Bay population when it was the only possible source. Research into territorial song to explain the social structure of scrub-birds, population genetics, habitat suitability, and the implications of learnings for future translocations. Key results Translocation has been the major contributor to an increase in the population index and Area of Occupancy, although removal of birds from Two Peoples Bay may have contributed to scrub-bird declines in this area. A more conservative approach to translocations was developed using small initial numbers of founders. Impacts of the translocation program on the genetic diversity of the metapopulation appear not to be significant. Conclusions Conservation translocations have been instrumental in securing and conserving the Djimaalap/noisy scrub-bird, with considerable spatial expansion of the species range, in spite of significant bushfires impacting habitat. Implications With the likelihood of unplanned fire increasing, and climate change likely to modify habitat, maximising the number of geographically distinct populations remains a priority for the conservation of the Djimaalap/noisy scrub-bird.