Are Londoners Getting Healthier?

It utilised urban data from multiple sources, to map out the physical health and mental health patterns in London over space and time. On basis of recognising the spatial patterns trajectory changes, obesity among adults and children in London areas had been investigated with selected demographic, socio-economic and environmental factors, to identify the most influential factors in all, and for local community; similarly, workflow had been again designed to investigate the influential factors for mental health prevalence as well. Upon comparing the selected models, models considering neighbourhood spillover effect has been found to be the optimal, to identify significantly influential factors on urban health, such as age group, green space access, household deprivation, income deprivation and air quality. The findings underscore the necessity for targeted, location-specific public health interventions to effectively combat obesity; highlight the importance of spatial heterogeneity, o ffering detailed insights into regional variations; and suggest tailored strategies for public health policies. This work fills a critical gap and demonstrates the need for geographically informed public health strategies.