Conservation of the quality of water resources in agroecological structures

Water conservation is essential for agricultural sustainability and adaptation to climate change. Agroforestry systems, which integrate trees and sometimes animals in the same production unit, offer hydrological benefits superior to those of conventional agricultural systems, positioning them as a key strategy for water resource management in agricultural areas. However, in Colombia, publications on the subject are limited. Understanding their dynamics is crucial to preserving water quality, especially in sectors such as fish farming, which is vital for biodiversity and ecosystem services. This study conducted a bibliometric and systematic analysis of the Web of Science (WoS) database; the data were examined using graph theory and specialized tools such as VOSviewer and Tree of Science, investigating diverse perspectives that explore the association between agroecological structures, water quality, and conservation. The analysis was structured in three categories: classical, structural, and recent; 61 relevant references were identified, highlighting Chen, Hung-Chih as the most cited author, and the United States and China as the leading countries in research on the subject. It was concluded that agroforestry systems are fundamental to conserving and improving water quality, promoting ecological fish farming, welfare, and sustainability, and contributing to regional economic development.