Standardization and Quality Assurance of Dadrughni Vati (Lepa) and Dadrughna Malahara: A Critical Quality Control Evaluation

Introduction: Ayurvedic formulations, such as Dadrughni Vati (Lepa) (DL) and Dadrughna Malahara (DM), are used for skin care and treatment. Understanding the physicochemical properties of these formulations is essential to assess their quality, efficacy, and stability. This study aims to evaluate and compare the key physicochemical parameters of DL and DM, focusing on pH, loss on drying (LOD), ash values, extractive properties, and other physical attributes. Methods: The physicochemical analysis of DL and DM was performed using standard analytical procedures. pH was measured using a pH meter; LOD was determined by heating the samples; ash values, including acid-insoluble ash, were quantified through combustion; and water-soluble and alcohol-soluble extractive values were assessed using solvent extraction techniques. Additional physical tests included measuring the specific gravity, acid value, saponification value, iodine value, viscosity, and spreadability. Results: DL exhibited a pH of 3.92, an LOD of 14.08%, and an ash value of 19.58%. Its water-soluble extractive value was 44.12%, and alcohol-soluble extractives were 13.97%. The average hardness was 9.8, and the weight was 3651 mg. DM showed a specific gravity of 0.930, an acid value of 2.22, a saponification value of 118.57, and an iodine value of 77.11. The viscosity and spreadability of DM were 15,64,333 cp and 657.95 g, respectively. Discussion: The physicochemical properties of DL and DM indicate that both formulations are stable, genuine, and suitable for skin application. DL’s pH and extractive values suggest it is moisturizing and mild, making it beneficial for conditions like Dadru, while DM’s specific gravity and emulsifying properties confirm its potential for use as an effective Malahara (skin ointment). The consistency of all parameters across batches further supports the formulation’s reproducibility and quality. These results underscore the therapeutic potential of DL and DM in Ayurvedic dermatological care.