Preliminary Assessment of Ocean Pollution Effect on Aquaculture: Case of Sunda Strait, Indonesia

Abstract The growing populations of coastal-based city in Indonesia, such as Banten, Jakarta, and Bandar Lampung which located in Sunda Strait area are heavily affect the ocean environment quality due to increasing land-based pollution, with growing evidences of heavy metals were founded in many previous research. Further research about spatial and temporal distributions of heavy metal pollution due to ocean current are presented in this paper. Furthermore, the effect of heavy metal contamination in the ocean water to photosynthesis rate of dominant species algae populating Sunda Strait are estimated. It is estimated that a single source of lead heavy metal can spread to five kilometers radius and reduce the algae photosynthesis rate until 100% in just four weeks. Both numerical model for north-west and south-east monsoon seasons also show high concentration of suspended solid, which could also decrease algae photosynthesis rate because of less sunlight penetration. Considering fishery as one of the main economic resource in Sunda Strait area, this numerical predictions are important for coastal area management plan, environmental protection program or at least to avoid economical loss.