Hazard analysis and safety management in public transport light rail transit

Abstract Trains are public transportation whose operations prioritize passenger safety. There have been 701 train accidents, resulting in 343 deaths and environmental damage from 2007 to 2023. The braking, propulsion, and bogie systems that function for train movement contribute to accidents, such as derailments and collisions. Actions to minimize these risks are by conducting preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) and allocating safety integrity levels (SIL). The purpose of this study is to explore steps to minimize train accidents using the PHA method and SIL allocation. PHA is carried out through several stages, including: determining subsystems, functions, operation modes, hazards, causes, consequences, risk rankings and mitigating measures. Risk ranking is obtained from the multiplication of severity and frequency. SIL allocation uses the EN50128 and EN50129 standards which consist of determining the probability of exposure to hazards, reducing accidents, and reducing consequences. The results of the PHA assessment show that the risks in the negligible, tolerable, and undesirable categories are 19 percent, 73 percent dan 8 percent respectively. The results of the SIL allocation show that SIL 1 is 71 percent and SIL 3 is 29 percent.