Unpacking the Taxonomy of Wildland Fire Collaboratives in the United States West: Impact of Response Diversity on Social-Ecological Resilience

We offer the first study unpacking the taxonomy of collaboratives that undertake wildland fire management and how that taxonomy relates to resilience. We developed a comprehensive inventory totaling 133 collaboratives across twelve states in the western United States. We extracted each collaborative's vision, mission, program goals, actions, and stakeholder composition. Based on this data we summarize temporal and spatial trends in collaborative formation and discuss formation drivers. Furthermore, we developed a cluster map of collaboratives based on patterns of co-occurrence of collaborative vision, mission, and goals. We identify distinct co-occurrence patterns of themes emerging from qualitative coding of collaborative missions, visions, and objectives, and define three distinct collaborative archetypes based on these. Finally, using theory-supported actions linked to basic, adaptive, and transformative social and ecological resilience, we code for presence or absence of these outcomes for each collaborative. We present the resilience outcomes by state and discuss how various collaborative typologies differentially impact levels of social and ecological resilience. Our study concludes that fire management actions for adaptive resilience such as fuels reduction, tree thinning, and revegetation are most numerous but that there is an emergent phenomenon of collaboratives engaging in transformative resilience that are mostly citizen-led networked organizations reshaping the social and ecological landscapes to include prescribed burning on a larger scale than present.