Financial impact and adoption of solar irrigation in Rangpur, Bangladesh

This study investigates the feasibility and socio-economic determinants of adopting solar-powered irrigation (SPI) systems in Bangladesh, focusing on their financial impact in boro rice production compared to diesel-powered irrigation (DPI). Sustainable irrigation technologies are critical for efficient agricultural land use, food security, and reducing environmental pollution in Bangladesh. SPI offers an innovative, eco-friendly alternative, but its adoption hinges on its financial benefits. Through a cost-benefit analysis, this research uncovers the superior gross returns, net returns, and benefit-cost ratios (BCR) of SPI users, with BCR values of 1.31 compared to 1.09 for DPI users. Data were collected from 404 farmers in two districts using a random sampling technique. A logit regression model identified 12 significant factors influencing SPI adoption, including educational status, monthly income, farming experience, extension contact, land and irrigation facility ownership, credit availability, soil fertility, perceptions of replacement costs, environmental awareness, and neighbor adoption. The study also highlights the inadequacy of Bangladesh's institutional framework for SPI technology development, suggesting the need for a bottom-up approach involving various governmental and non-governmental entities. This research provides critical insights for policymakers, advancing the understanding of renewable energy-based irrigation systems in the region. • Solar pumps achieved a BCR of 1.31, surpassing diesel pumps with a BCR of 1.09. • SPI significantly reduces costs and emissions, saving up to 50 % on operational expenses. • Extension services boost SPI adoption, enhancing environmental and economic benefits. • SPI adoption is influenced by credit, education, income, and environmental awareness. • Scaling SPI faces challenges due to high capital costs and inadequate institutional support.