Conscious artificial intelligence and biological naturalism

As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to advance, it is natural to ask whether AI systems can be not only intelligent, but also conscious. I consider why people might think AI could develop consciousness, identifying some biases that lead us astray. I ask what it would take for conscious AI to be a realistic prospect, challenging the assumption that computation provides a sufficient basis for consciousness. I'll instead make the case that consciousness depends on our nature as living organisms - a form of biological naturalism. I lay out a range of scenarios for conscious AI, concluding that real artificial consciousness is unlikely along current trajectories, but becomes more plausible as AI becomes more brain-like and/or life-like. I finish by exploring ethical considerations arising from AI that either is, or convincingly appears to be, conscious. If we sell our minds too cheaply to our machine creations, we not only overestimate them - we underestimate ourselves.

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Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Behavioral and Brain Sciences
Published
2025-04-21
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x25000032
Citations
19
Primary Topic
Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
27.19
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article

Conscious artificial intelligence and biological naturalism

Anil K. Seth
19 citations
Behavioral and Brain Sciences
Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
27.19
article

Conscious artificial intelligence and biological naturalism

Anil K. Seth
article en
19 citations

Abstract

As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to advance, it is natural to ask whether AI systems can be not only intelligent, but also conscious. I consider why people might think AI could develop consciousness, identifying some biases that lead us astray. I ask what it would take for conscious AI to be a realistic prospect, challenging the assumption that computation provides a sufficient basis for consciousness. I'll instead make the case that consciousness depends on our nature as living organisms - a form of biological naturalism. I lay out a range of scenarios for conscious AI, concluding that real artificial consciousness is unlikely along current trajectories, but becomes more plausible as AI becomes more brain-like and/or life-like. I finish by exploring ethical considerations arising from AI that either is, or convincingly appears to be, conscious. If we sell our minds too cheaply to our machine creations, we not only overestimate them - we underestimate ourselves.

Behavioral and Brain Sciences
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CA), University of Sussex (GB)
Openalex Percentile: Top 0%
Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
27.19
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Conscious artificial intelligence and biological naturalism — Anil K. Seth · Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS