Understanding the collaborative model of narrative in cinematic virtual reality

Cinematic virtual reality (CVR) offers new possibilities for narrative design by shifting the viewer’s role from observer to active participant. Traditional storytelling frameworks, which rely on fixed authorial control, often struggle to fully accommodate the interactive and immersive potential of CVR. This article proposes the Collaborative Narrative Model, a conceptual framework that reimagines CVR storytelling as a co-creative process between the viewer, the scriptwriter and the technology that mediates the experience. Through case studies of Wolves in the Walls , The Invisible Hours and Spheres , the article explores how modular storytelling structures and narrative anchors can balance viewer agency with narrative coherence. The study highlights how real-time interaction and technological mediation can support flexible yet cohesive narratives in immersive environments. Practical strategies are offered for narrative designers and screenwriters, guiding them in creating adaptable narratives that maintain thematic depth while responding to the dynamic nature of CVR.