Femtosecond temperature measurements of laser-shocked copper deduced from the intensity of the x-ray thermal diffuse scattering

We present 50-fs, single-shot measurements of the x-ray thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) from copper foils that have been shocked via nanosecond laser ablation up to pressures above ∼135 GPa. We hence deduce the x-ray Debye–Waller factor, providing a temperature measurement. The targets were laser-shocked with the DiPOLE 100-X laser at the High Energy Density endstation of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser. Single x-ray pulses, with a photon energy of 18 keV, were scattered from the samples and recorded on Varex detectors. Despite the targets being highly textured (as evinced by large variations in the elastic scattering) and with such texture changing upon compression, the absolute intensity of the azimuthally averaged inelastic TDS between the Bragg peaks is largely insensitive to these changes, and allowing for both Compton scattering and the low-level scattering from a sacrificial ablator layer provides a reliable measurement of T/ΘD2, where ΘD is the Debye temperature. We compare our results with the predictions of the SESAME 3336 and LEOS 290 equations of state for copper and find good agreement within experimental errors. We, thus, demonstrate that single-shot temperature measurements of dynamically compressed materials can be made via thermal diffuse scattering of XFEL radiation.

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Publication Details

Journal
Journal of Applied Physics
Published
2025-04-21
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0256844
Citations
1
Primary Topic
High-pressure geophysics and materials
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
1.87

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article

Femtosecond temperature measurements of laser-shocked copper deduced from the intensity of the x-ray thermal diffuse scattering

C. A. Bolme, Jan‐Patrick Schwinkendorf, Cristina Hernandez–Gomez, Cara E. Vennari et al.
1 citations
Journal of Applied Physics
High-pressure geophysics and materials
1.87
article

Femtosecond temperature measurements of laser-shocked copper deduced from the intensity of the x-ray thermal diffuse scattering

C. A. Bolme, Jan‐Patrick Schwinkendorf, Cristina Hernandez–Gomez, Cara E. Vennari, A. Pelka, T. M. Hutchinson, N. J. Hartley, T.E. Stevens, A.-M. Norton, P. Koester, M.G. Stevenson, S. J. Tracy, D. McGonegle, G. Fiquet, Saransh Singh, Orianna B. Ball, Jan Vorberger, A. J. Comley, Minxue Tang, T. Toncian, Hélène Ginestet, S. Di Dio Cafiso, Zuzana Konôpková, Alejandro Laso García, B. Albertazzi, Amy Lazicki, Hauke Höppner, A. B. Belonoshko, Michael R. Armstrong, G. Morard, M. Nakatsutsumi, Khachiwan Buakor, A. L. Coleman, Chris Edwards, T. Tschentscher, Anand Dwivedi, C. Strohm, M. I. McMahon, Sébastien Merkel, A. E. Gleason, Travis J. Volz, Bernhard Massani, R. Redmer, Thomas R. Preston, Norimasa Ozaki, Karen Appel, J. S. Wark, C. Spindloe, Rachel J. Husband, A. Sollier, P. A. Sterne, R. Briggs, Adrien Descamps, A. Trapananti, David Santamarı́a-Pérez, Lisa Randolph, David A. Keen, Daniel Errandonea, Sebastian Goede, Kien Nguyen-Cong, Eric Galtier, Clemens Prescher, Carsten Baehtz, Silvia Pandolfi, F. Coppari, R. F. Smith, L. Labate, G. W. Collins, Oliver Humphries, K. A. Pereira, Bob Nagler, T. E. Cowan, D. Kraus, Terry‐Ann Suer, Andrea Di Cicco, M. J. Duff, Julien Chantel, Ivan Oleynik, L. A. Gizzi, Hyunchae Cynn, J. H. Eggert, Hanns‐Peter Liermann, V. Bouffetier, Thomas Butcher, M. Schoelmerich, L. Wollenweber, E. Brambrink, A. Ravasio, Paul Mason, C. P. McGuire, R. S. McWilliams, J. McHardy, G. Cristoforetti, P. G. Heighway, Christoph Otzen, U. Zastrau, Jaeyong Kim, T. Vinci, M. Toncian, E. E. McBride, Y. Ping, S. J. Ali, L. Antonelli, Sven C. Vogel, M. G. Gorman, D. J. Peake, Daniel J. Savage, Valerio Cerantola, M. Harmand, A. Krygier, Saumyabrata Banerjee, J. Rips, Yongjae Lee, Joseph M. Gonzalez, Huijeong Hwang, J. M. Smith, M. Masruri, F. Dorchies, D. Ranjan, Andrew Higginbotham, Jonathan Phillips, J. Collier, Jonathan T. Willman, Mike Tyldesley, J. Spear
article en
1 citations

Abstract

We present 50-fs, single-shot measurements of the x-ray thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) from copper foils that have been shocked via nanosecond laser ablation up to pressures above ∼135 GPa. We hence deduce the x-ray Debye–Waller factor, providing a temperature measurement. The targets were laser-shocked with the DiPOLE 100-X laser at the High Energy Density endstation of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser. Single x-ray pulses, with a photon energy of 18 keV, were scattered from the samples and recorded on Varex detectors. Despite the targets being highly textured (as evinced by large variations in the elastic scattering) and with such texture changing upon compression, the absolute intensity of the azimuthally averaged inelastic TDS between the Bragg peaks is largely insensitive to these changes, and allowing for both Compton scattering and the low-level scattering from a sacrificial ablator layer provides a reliable measurement of T/ΘD2, where ΘD is the Debye temperature. We compare our results with the predictions of the SESAME 3336 and LEOS 290 equations of state for copper and find good agreement within experimental errors. We, thus, demonstrate that single-shot temperature measurements of dynamically compressed materials can be made via thermal diffuse scattering of XFEL radiation.

Journal of Applied PhysicsVol. 137(15)
Università di Camerino (IT), Queen's University Belfast (GB), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (US), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (GB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR), Los Alamos National Laboratory (US), École Polytechnique (FR), Université de Bordeaux (FR), Universitat de València (ES), University of Freiburg (DE), Institute of Technology of Cambodia (KH), Arts et Métiers (FR), Yonsei University (KR), Carnegie Institution for Science (US), University of Massachusetts Amherst (US), University of South Florida (US), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR), Université Paris-Saclay (FR), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (DE), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY (DE), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (US), AWE Nuclear Security Technologies (GB), Paul Scherrer Institute (CH), Sorbonne Université (FR), University of Oxford (GB), Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses (FR), CEA DAM Île-de-France (FR), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (FR), Physical Sciences (United States) (US), Energetics (United States) (US), Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (FR), National Institute of Optics (IT), CEA Paris-Saclay (FR), HESAM Université (FR), Unité Matériaux et Transformations (FR), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (FR), Université Gustave Eiffel (FR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (FR), Hanyang University (KR), University of Rostock (DE), University of York (GB), University of Rochester (US), University of Milano-Bicocca (IT), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (FR), Nanjing University (CN), Université Grenoble Alpes (FR), European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser (DE), The University of Osaka (JP), University of Edinburgh (GB)
National Science Foundation, UK Research and Innovation, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, National Nuclear Security Administration, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, European Research Council, Fusion Energy Sciences, Laboratory Directed Research and Development, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council
Affordable and clean energy
Openalex Percentile: Top 19%
High-pressure geophysics and materials
1.87
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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