Evaluation of Synergistic Antimicrobial and Toxicity Effect of Anogeissus Leiocarpus (DC.) Stem Bark and Acacia Ataxacantha (Linn) Leaves

The purpose of this study was to assess the safety level of the aqueous and Hexane extracts of the stem bark of Anogeissus leiocarpus and the leaves of Acacia ataxacantha against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans that cause vaginal discharge and vulvar itching (pruritis vulvae), as well as their synergistic antimicrobial activity. The aqueous extract of the extracts contained carbohydrates, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, anthraquinones, steroids, and terpenes, according to phytochemical screening; however, the hexane extract only contained carbs and phenols. The crude extracts' antimicrobial activity against the clinical isolates was determined to be active (18.00±0.00 for the aqueous extract and 13.00±0.00 for hexane extract against Candida albicans and 15.30±0.57 and 13.00±0.50 for the aqueous and Hexane extracts against Staphylococcus aureus respectively). The Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra revealed many peak positions, demonstrating the presence of phenol, alkyl, carboxylic acid, alcohol, aldehyde, alkenes, amines, ketones, and esters. Because no behavioural abnormalities or deaths were noted during the study's stages when the test animals were administered with up to 1000 mg/kg of the extracts, the data demonstrated that the plant extracts were comparatively safe. As a result, synergistic extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus stem bark and Acacia ataxacantha leaves are considered safe for use when their oral median lethal dose (LD₅₀) is larger than 1000 mg/kg.