Literature review on the application of graphene in the field of seawater desalination

Seawater desalination technology is an important solution to global water scarcity, yet conventional methods such as reverse osmosis (RO) and distillation face challenges including high energy consumption and costly infrastructure. Graphene, as a novel nanomaterial, has demonstrated promising application prospects in desalination due to its unique physical and chemical properties. This study focuses on the applications of graphene in seawater desalination. Through comprehensive collection, organization, and analysis of relevant literature, the promotion effect of graphene on seawater desalination process in various forms such as permeable membrane and photothermal conversion membrane is analyzed and summarized. Finally, the existing research results, shortcomings and future development directions of graphene in the field of seawater desalination are summarized.