Identification and correlation analysis of fatty acid profile and morphological traits in Camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz)

Oilseeds are the world's second-largest food reserve after cereals. Camelina sativa, a member of the Brassicaceae family, is an oilseed crop known for its adaptability to rainfed cultivation, low input requirements and high-quality oil. This study aimed to identify key traits influencing seed yield and oil composition, particularly fatty acid profiles, in Camelina sativa. The research was conducted at Razi University in Kermanshah, Iran. Using gas chromatography, we analysed the fatty acid profiles of 136 doubled haploid camelina lines, detecting 18 distinct fatty acids categorised into saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated types. Significant variations were observed in the fatty acid composition among the lines. Yield components such as NPP, BY, SHW and PSW showed strong positive correlations with grain yield (GY) (r ? 0.813), while traits like SL, SP, SA and WS exhibited weak negative correlations. A notable negative correlation was found between oil and protein content (r = -0.769, P < 0.01), ranging from 32.72 % to 38.55 % and 25.66 % to 30.45 %. Linolenic acid levels ranged from 28.95 % to 34.90 % and linoleic acid levels varied between 16.07 % and 22.24 %. These findings highlight the potential of Camelina sativa as a sustainable oilseed crop for marginal environments. Identifying traits directly related to seed yield is a critical aspect of plant breeding, as it enables the development of improved varieties with higher productivity. Future research should optimise breeding strategies to enhance yield and oil quality while exploring its potential in biofuel and nutritional applications.