Prevalence of Anemia among Chronic Kidney Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown Etiology Patients of Bargarh District Odisha: A Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: Anemia is a known complication in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Previous study carried out by our lab reported higher prevalence of CKD and Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) in Bargarh district, Odisha, India and 16 hotspot villages were identified in the district. The present study focused on assessing the prevalence of anemia among CKD and CKDu patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the CKD hotspot villages of Bargarh district. Random cluster sampling method was used to assess the prevalence of anemia among CKD and CKDu patients. Patients’ history was collected using questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from the participants, and were analyzed for serological and biochemical parameters: such as creatinine, albumin, cholesterol, Complete Blood Count. Results: In this study higher number of patients with CKDu (89.17%) were found to be anemic than CKD (85.71%) patients. Males were seen to be more prone to anemia and CKDu. Microcytic anemia was noted to be higher in CKDu populace (57.96%). Majority of patients in this study were farmers. Late CKD stages were found to be associated with higher prevalence of anemia. Significant relation of diastolic blood pressure, serum albumin, cholesterol, serum creatinine and serum urea with hemoglobin was observed. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates a high prevalence of anemia among patients with both CKD and CKDu in the Bargarh district of Odisha, with a notably higher burden observed in the CKDu group. The predominance of microcytic anemia, particularly among male agricultural workers, underscores the possible influence of environmental and occupational factors.