Research on the Selection of Carbon Quota Trading Modes for Shipping Enterprises under the EU Emissions Trading System

Against the background of the global emphasis on carbon emission reduction, the reform of the European Union's carbon emission trading system (EU ETS) will be incorporated into the shipping industry from 2024, which will have a significant impact on the operation of shipping enterprises. In this context, China's shipping enterprises urgently need to choose an appropriate carbon emissions trading model to effectively respond to the impact of the EU ETS, so as to accelerate the low-carbon transformation. Based on this, this paper constructs the Gounod competitive game model of two shipping companies under the baseline scenario and the cooperative strategy scenario, takes into full consideration the key factors of the shipping companies' market potential, cost, carbon emission quota and price in the model, and researches on the choice of carbon quota trading modes of the shipping companies under the EU ETS, such as purchasing emission allowances or cooperating with other companies to obtain allowances, etc. The equilibrium transportation of the shipping companies under different scenarios is also studied, and the impacts of different scenarios are also examined. The equilibrium volume, price and profit of shipping companies under different scenarios are solved, and MATLAB is applied to numerically analyze the decision-making variables of the model to further analyze the potential impact of EU ETS on the shipping industry. The results show that EU ETS policies always have a negative impact on traditional shipping companies, while sustainable shipping companies are affected.