The Efficiency of Harmonic Emissions Excited by Energetic Electrons in Coronal Loops

Abstract Magnetic reconnection is a key process that drives the energy release in solar flares. This process can occur at multiple locations along the coronal loop. The reconnection generates energetic electrons capable of exciting wave modes and emissions as they propagate through the loop. In this follow-up study, we investigate the influence of the injection site location of these energetic electrons, either at the looptop (LT) or at the leg of the loop around a footpoint (FP), on the excitation of wave modes, especially the second harmonic emissions (X2) in coronal loops. Our simulations reveal that the injection location significantly impacts the spatial distribution and intensity of excited wave modes. When electrons are injected at the LT, electromagnetic X 2, and Z -modes dominate along the loop, with minimal excitation of Langmuir waves. Conversely, the present study reveals that injection close to FP leads to a strong Langmuir wave excitation throughout the loop, particularly as electrons ascend toward the LT. We find that X 2 and Z -modes are consistently excited at the injection site with different intensities, regardless of the injection location. However, electron injection near the FP scenario creates favorable conditions for significant Langmuir wave generation, potentially leading to plasma emission under specific circumstances. These findings emphasize the importance of electron injection location in determining the properties of the excited and emitted waves in solar coronal loops.