Design of a Millimeter-Wave Horn Lens Antenna Applicable to High-Temperature and High-Pressure Environment

With advancements in precision industries, the demand for accurate liquid level measurements in high-temperature and high-pressure tank environments has increased significantly. This study presents the design of a horn antenna integrated with a dielectric lens for challenging applications. To prevent deformation and damage to the lens due to pressure differences between the interior and exterior of the horn, the shape of the dielectric lens was designed to partially fill the horn to enhance its pressure resistance. A PTFE-based lens, known for its stability at temperatures up to 260°C, was employed to design a circular horn lens antenna operating at 64 GHz. Stress simulations confirmed that the antenna could withstand pressures up to 2 MPa. The antenna achieved a measured gain of 28.94 dBi, with a half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of 4.4° in the E-plane and 6.3° in the H-plane.