HERBICIDE-RESISTANT SUNFLOWER BREEDING IN WESTERN SIBERIA

In order to control crop weeds, sunflower carrion, and reduce damage to the parasitic weed broomrape, production technologies have been developed: Clearfield, Clearfield Plus and Express Sun (or SUMO), based on the use of Imr, CLHA-Plus, Sur, accordingly. The goal of the research is to create a herbicide-resistant sunflower variety for cultivation in the Siberian and Ural regions. The research was carried out in 2018–2024, at the All-Russian Research Institute of Oilseed named after V.S. Pustovoit (Krasnodar) and the Siberian Experimental Station – a branch of the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (Omsk region, Isilkul), in field conditions and in the phytotron-greenhouse complex. The object of research is variety samples bred by the head institute and the branch. Experiments, observations, measurements and records were carried out according to the All-Russian Research Institute of Oilseed methodology. Testing in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia the herbicide-resistant hybrids Immi (Imr), Klip (CLHA-Plus) and Surus (Sur) showed the impossibility of their cultivation due to the long growing season (114–120 days). As a result of the joint work of breeders of the institute and the branch, an early-ripening herbicide-resistant (sulfonylurea-resistant) variety Irtysh 24 was created. Its origin: the donor of the tribenuron-methyl resistance gene (Sur) was the BK1-sur line. The early ripening oilseed variety Irtysh served as a recipient. The use of a consistent set of methods of hybridization, backcrossing and group cross-pollination of the best biotypes, herbicide treatment at all stages of the breeding process and selection of resistant plants made it possible to obtain a population homozygous for the Sur gene. The new variety Irtysh 24 is close in basic economic characteristics to the original variety, but is resistant to the herbicide with the active substance tribenuron-methyl from the class of sulfonylureas and is intended for cultivation using ExpressSun and SUMO technology. It is well balanced in terms of plant height, flowering and ripening periods; broomrape-tolerant to the main races of the parasite. In 2024, the Irtysh 24 variety was transferred to the State Variety Testing in the Russian Federation, the proposed cultivation regions are Western Siberian (10) and Ural (9)