The Future of Digital ADR In India: Bridging Legal Gaps and Technological Advancements

The increasing digitalisation of dispute resolution in India has paved the way for Online Dispute Resolution (ODR), offering an alternative to traditional court proceedings. This research explores the evolution of Digital Alternative Dispute Resolution (Digital ADR) in India, focusing on legal frameworks, technological advancements, and challenges in implementation. Despite the potential of digital ADR to enhance efficiency and accessibility, India faces significant hurdles, including regulatory gaps, enforceability concerns, data security risks, and digital literacy limitations. While the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, of 1996, the Information Technology Act, of 2000, and the Indian Evidence Act, of 1872 provide a foundation for ODR, there is a need for a more robust legal structure tailored specifically for digital dispute resolution. This paper critically examines global best practices in ODR, comparing India’s approach with jurisdictions like the United States, the European Union, and Singapore. Additionally, it explores the role of emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Smart Contracts, and Digital Signatures in strengthening India’s digital ADR framework. The study concludes with policy recommendations to bridge the existing legal and technological gaps, proposing a roadmap for the effective and widespread adoption of ODR in India.