Local Government Strategies in Addressing Illegal Parking in Urban Areas: A Case Study of Malang City, Indonesia

The rise of illegal parking attendants in rapidly urbanizing Indonesian cities poses significant challenges for local governance, public service delivery, and revenue generation. This study explores how the local government of Malang City addresses the issue of unregistered parking attendants who operate without official authorization, charge arbitrary fees, and undermine public trust. Employing a qualitative case study methodology, data were collected through in-depth interviews with transportation officials, direct field observations, and analysis of local regulations. The findings reveal that while enforcement strategies such as patrols and formal registration systems are in place, they are hindered by limited personnel, low public awareness, and weak inter-agency coordination. The study concludes that tackling illegal parking requires not only institutional enforcement but also citizen participation and systemic policy reform. These insights offer valuable implications for improving urban service governance in secondary cities within developing regions.