Ex Ante Nuclear Safety: Financial Assurance Mechanisms for Nuclear Damage

Nuclear energy, as a high-risk clean energy source, is exposed to the risk of nuclear damage during its utilization. Nuclear damage has wide-ranging impacts and persists over time, necessitating a financial assurance mechanism. This paper focuses on the relevant contents of the financial assurance system for nuclear damage compensation in international legislation and domestic law, and combines the domestic legislative practice of the world's major nuclear power countries. Financial assurance mechanisms for nuclear damage applied by States include nuclear damage insurance and mutual-aid mechanisms. The establishment of a sound financial assurance mechanism for nuclear damage is conducive to the further development of the nuclear energy industry.