Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Reducing Anxiety in Children with Autism

Background: Anxiety is a prevalent comorbidity in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), significantly impacting their quality of life and presenting important challenges in their clinical and therapeutic management. Understanding the relationship between ASD and anxiety is crucial to developing effective intervention strategies. This paper describes a systematic review that evaluates the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in reducing anxiety in children with ASD, based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Material and methods: An exhaustive literature search was conducted in databases such as PubMed and Cochrane Library, focusing on RCTs published in the last 20 years. Studies that evaluated the effectiveness of CBT in reducing anxiety in children with ASD were included. Data were extracted and analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques and meta-analysis, as appropriate. Results: A total of 12 studies meeting the inclusion criteria demonstrated that CBT is effective in reducing anxiety symptoms in children with ASD. Key factors for successful intervention included consistency in session frequency, conducting therapy in a structured setting, and continuity with the same therapists, which facilitated a more stable therapeutic process. Gradual exposure to social situations resulted in progressive adaptation to anxiety-inducing stimuli. Additionally, interventions were tailored to the specific needs of children with autism, improving session effectiveness. Both group and individual Behavioral Therapy modalities were effective, with studies indicating that higher session frequency was associated with faster and sustained improvement in reducing anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an effective intervention for reducing anxiety in children with ASD, also improving their quality of life. Future research should focus on optimizing the frequency and duration of interventions, as well as exploring the viability of online CBT sessions.