The Development of Constitutional Review Systems in Europe and the Albanian Context

Constitutional review systems are crucial to the promotion of the rule of law, the strengthening of constitutional principles, and the protection of fundamental human rights. These systems, which originated in the early 20th century, have undergone substantial evolution. In Europe, diverse legal frameworks, political structures, and governance models developed, while mechanisms to uphold constitutional integrity and safeguard democratic values became more and more a necessity. The concept of judicial review, first developed in the United States, provided an influential model for European countries, many of which adapted this system into their own constitutional review frameworks. Central to this evolution was the Kelsenian model, which proposed a centralized system with specialized constitutional courts holding exclusive jurisdiction over constitutional matters.