The Dynamic Surface Technologies of Buildings

This research aims at identifying novel applications of smart materials and adaptive systems into sustainable building design with emphases made to energy efficiency and environmental impacts. It review focuses on the advanced building technologies, technology of thermochromic, electrochromic and phase change materials while stressing on the capacity of the materials in responding to external stimuli like temperature an light. In particular, the application of these materials in smart windows and facades highlighted the achievement of average energy efficiency in heating/cooling at between 25 and 30%. PCMs increased building insulation by a range of 40% and reduced internal temperature changes due to external fluctuations. Incorporation of these materials with Machine Learning based Predictive Models of building’s energy usage has shown positive results of 15% of efficiency improvements in real time management of energy usage in buildings depending upon the weather conditions and occupancy of the building. Based on the exploring of the current developing trends of these technologies, this paper intends to give enlightenment on the effectiveness of smart materials in helping to design more sensitive, flexible and energy-saving buildings. The results show that integration of smart materials with IoT network is a revolutionary concept for sustainable architecture which has exposed different opportunities of up to 30% energy saving with improved comfort. The final discussion of the work provides an outlook of the current research limitations and future agenda as it concerns the challenges and prospects of these technologies for embracing green building practices in sustainable city advancement.