From Hongshan to Silla: Tracing the Cultural and Technological Lineage of the World’s Most Beautiful Face-Inlaid Glass Bead

This study argues for a Korean origin of the Silla face-inlaid glass bead (Treasure No. 634), challenging previous claims of Indonesian or Roman origins. Analysis of its design elements -distinctly Korean motifs-and Korean archaeological evidence of glass production techniques support domestic production during the 4th-6th centuries. The hair topknot, flower decorations on both sides, and bird and flower decorations were confirmed to be unique Korean elements, and the glass government office Japgong-sa of Silla, Korea, who excelled in inlay and metalwork, installed Japgong-ho in Wae, Japan. And the tradition of using face design or beads as necklaces or worships have started in the Hongshan culture (BC 4,500). This study established the Silla face-inlaid glass bead as a product of Korea’s advanced craftsmanship and distinct cultural identity, illuminating its location & significance within East Asian trade networks.