A Study on the Effect of Stress Levels Perceived by Gaokao Test Students in China on Academic Performance: Focusing on the Mediating Effects of Academic Self-efficacy and Positive Psychological Capital

Objectives This study aimed to analyze the impact of perceived stress levels on academic performance among Chinese Gaokao students and examine the mediating effects of academic self-efficacy and positive psychological capital. Methods A survey measuring perceived stress levels, academic self-efficacy, positive psychological capital, and academic performance was conducted on 295 Gaokao students, and hierarchical regression analysis was performed. Results The analysis revealed that all sub-factors of stress had significant negative effects on academic performance, with academic self-efficacy and positive psychological capital (hope, optimism, resilience) significantly mediating these relationships. Conclusions The findings suggest that systematic support for stress management, along with enhancement of academic self-efficacy and positive psychological capital, is necessary to improve academic performance among Gaokao students.