Abundance, Diversity and Distribution of Mosquito Species and Molecular Detection of Its Associated Hepatitis C Virus in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt

The presence of mosquitoes in a certain area is sufficient evidence of the transmission of diseases, in addition to the inconvenience and harassment they cause to the population. In order for mosquito control to be successful, there must be sufficient reports and information about the extent of the distribution and spread of the mosquito in this area. This study was conducted seasonally to calculate the distribution and abundance of mosquitoes and to initially detect hepatitis C virus in the most abundant species collected in some localities: Kafr Saqr (Hanot, El-Kodah, Abo Shokok, El-Hagarsa); Abo Kebeer (Manshat Radwan, Bane Aiat, Al-Rahmania, Horbat); Diarb Negm (Safor, El-Asaied, Karmot Sahbara, Saft Zreka); and El-Zakazik (Om El-Zein, Bany Amer, Al-Zankalon, Shanbrt El-Mimona) along Sharkia Governorate. According to the results, 12 mosquito species belonging to two genera were recorded in four stations (16 sites). The species <i>Culex pipiens</i> was found to be the most abundant across the majority of locations. It is reaching its peak in Al-Zankalon with a maximum count of 139 ± 7.61 individuals. <i>C. antennatus</i> exhibited a significant level of abundance (<i>p</i> < 0.001), especially in Al-Rahmania (82.5 ± 4.3). Species such as <i>C. perexiguus</i> and <i>An. pharoensis</i> were found in moderate-to-low numbers. The prevailing species is <i>C. pipiens</i> in all locations and seasons, especially during the summer. Other species like <i>C. antennatus</i> and <i>An. pharoensis</i> are also important, although their significance is somewhat less pronounced. Clusters of sites with similar features indicate that specific locations or species exhibit consistent patterns of activity or abundance throughout several seasons. These clusters represent groups of locations that share similar characteristics, as determined by the principal components. The findings of detecting hepatitis C virus in <i>C. pipiens</i> (the most abundant species) collected samples showed negative results for the presence of HCV during the summer season in Sharkia Governorate.