Analyzing Barriers of BIM and Blockchain Integration: A Hybrid ISM-DEMATEL Approach

Building information modeling (BIM) and blockchain are reshaping construction business processes. This is particularly important for efficient information management and collaboration, especially in the current environment of complexity and fragmentation in construction business processes. However, due to the limits of practical experience and exploration, construction organizations continue to face significant challenges in adopting integrated BIM and blockchain. This study concentrates on exploring the integration of BIM and blockchain by identifying and analyzing key barriers. Through a systematic literature review and expert consultation, 13 major barriers have been identified. Relationships among barriers have been established using interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) approaches. The analysis shows that high initial costs and legal and regulatory limits are the root causes that affect the adoption of BIM and blockchain integration. Additionally, investment and return risk, stakeholder attitudes and unclear value proposition have a great impact on the overall system. These findings can help construction practitioners in developing and planning strategies for the effective implementation of BIM and blockchain integration.