Influence of Silica Nanoparticle Characteristics on CO2 Foam Stabilization in Seawater: Insights into Bubble Dynamics and Stabilizer Optimization

Abstract This study investigates the effect of silica nanoparticles with different functional groups and sizes on CO2 foam stabilization in synthetic seawater by analyzing both bulk-scale and bubble-scale behavior. The primary objective is to evaluate the surface characteristics of silica nanoparticles that influence CO2 foam stability, liquid drainage, and dynamic bubble behavior, with the aim of optimizing their role as foam stabilizers. To achieve this, the study examines nano-silica particles of two size ranges (10–20 nm and 20–60 nm) with either hydroxyl or silane-modified surfaces. Experimental analyses include foam half-life measurements, liquid drainage tests, and dynamic bubble behavior assessments. Findings reveal that silane-modified silica nanoparticles significantly enhance foam stability compared to hydroxyl-functionalized nanoparticles. The highest foam stability and structural integrity were achieved at relatively low nanoparticle concentrations, with silane-modified silica exhibiting superior performance in reducing liquid drainage and maintaining a uniform bubble structure. These results highlight the potential of surface-modified silica nanoparticles as effective foam stabilizers, providing insights into optimizing formulations for applications requiring stable CO2 foams in saline environments.