Advancing Hydrogen Liquefaction in Mena: Technical, Economic and Strategic Pathways for a Sustainable Energy Future

Abstract Hydrogen storage plays a critical role in advancing hydrogen as a sustainable energy source. The materials used in hydrogen storage tanks must adhere to stringent standards, especially in hot climates where elevated temperatures can accelerate material degradation and affect storage performance. This review provides an overview of the key technologies used for hydrogen production, including steam reforming, electrolysis, thermolysis, and bio-photolysis. Additionally, the review delves into hydrogen liquefaction systems and discusses key performance indicators for their analysis. Cost estimation calculations have been conducted to assess both CapEx and OpEx for the MENA region, including the UAE. These costs have been calculated using Aspen HYSYS simulation software to evaluate both financial and performance aspects. The analysis was carried out for a production scale of 100 kg/hr of hydrogen, utilizing both nitrogen and mixed refrigerant (MR) as cold streams for liquefying hydrogen for transportation.