PATHOGENESIS AND MOLECULAR-GENETIC ASPECTS OF SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS

This article analyzes the molecular-genetic mechanisms underlying the development of salivary gland tumors. Key genetic mutations (PLAG1, HMGA2, CTNNB1) and their impact on tumor growth are examined. The role of dysregulated signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, NF-kB) in carcinogenesis is highlighted. Particular attention is given to the expression of molecular markers (CK7, p40, p63, SOX10, S-100) and their diagnostic significance. The influence of chronic inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) on tumor progression is discussed. This review underscores the need for further research to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies aimed at identifying molecular targets and improving approaches to the treatment of salivary gland tumors.