Importance of rootstock and indole butyric acid in propagation of Chaenomeles japonica L. by stenting method under greenhouse condition

A challenge in cultivating Chaenomeles japonica L. is the occurrence of iron chlorosis. Employing rootstocks that are tolerant of calcareous soils represents the effective strategy for addressing the encounters posed by alkaline soils. This study examines the compatibility of Chaenomeles japonica L. grafting with rootstocks and evaluates the influence of IBA on the grafting process using the stenting method. The investigation focused on the influence of IBA (0, 1000, and 2000 mg l-1) and rootstocks (Rosa alba, Pyracantha coccinea, Malus domestica cv. Gami Almasi, Pyracantha coccinea, Cydonia oblonga, and the Malling M9) utilizing the budding grafting and splice grafting technique. The evaluation of traits, success of the grafting, rooting percentage, root volume, the number of activated scions, the callus formation, the length of shoot, the inter-node distance, and the leaves number, was conducted. The findings indicated that the application of IBA effectively promoted root development. The most significant root development was observed in Chaenomeles japonica L. when grafted onto Rosa alba rootstock and subjected to at 2000 mg of IBA. The Pyracantha coccinea exhibited the lowest number of activated grafts; however, it demonstrated the highest callus formation at the grafting site among the rootstocks, suggesting a superior grafting potential. It is considered a suitable candidate for the propagation of Chaenomeles japonica L. grafts through the cutting-grafting technique. Grafting Chaenomeles japonica L. on Pyracantha coccinea demonstrates superior compatibility and enhanced growth vigor. It is expected that this rootstock will exhibit improved tolerance to alkaline soil, potentially eliminating the leaf early chlorosis.