Functional Outcomes of Intramedullary Interlocking Nailing for Humeral Shaft Fractures: A Prospective Study

Background Humeral shaft fractures were frequent orthopedic injuries, typically caused by trauma, and the optimal treatment approach remained a subject of discussion. Intramedullary interlocking (IMIL) nailing was a minimally invasive surgical method that offered superior biomechanical stability, especially for diaphyseal fractures, while promoting early mobilization. This prospective study assessed the functional outcomes of IMIL nailing in managing humeral shaft fractures. Objectives This study aims to evaluate the functional outcomes of IMIL nails in treating closed humeral shaft fractures and to analyze common complications associated with humeral nailing, including non-union rates, infection, shoulder impingement, and the necessity for secondary procedures. Materials and methods We included 40 cases of humeral shaft fractures managed with IMIL nails. Patients were followed for a minimum of six months. The inclusion criteria included individuals aged 18 to 70 with closed or segmental fractures. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, while radiological union, intraoperative findings, and complications were recorded. Results Fracture union was achieved in 38 (95%) patients, with an average healing time of 10 to 16 weeks. At the final follow-up, the mean DASH score was 16.51, reflecting satisfactory arm, elbow, and shoulder function. Among the 40 cases, six (15%) demonstrated excellent functional outcomes, 26 (65%) had good results, six (15%) showed fair outcomes, and two (5%) experienced poor results, requiring secondary procedures to achieve union. Conclusion IMIL nailing was a reliable and effective method for managing humeral shaft fractures, providing excellent functional recovery, a high fracture healing rate, and manageable complications. Its advantages included early mobilization and minimal surgical morbidity, making it a viable treatment choice. The procedure led to significant functional improvement, as demonstrated by enhanced DASH scores at six months, underscoring its effectiveness as a minimally invasive approach with favorable long-term outcomes.