Exploring the Predictive Role of Demographic Characteristics and Health Literacy in the Self-Care Behaviors of Pregnant Women at Risk of Preterm Labor in Bushehr, Iran

Background and Objective: The health of pregnant women at risk of preterm labor is influenced by self-care practices during pregnancy, which are related to health literacy as a crucial skill for effectively receiving and utilizing health information and services. The present study aimed to determine the role of health literacy and demographic characteristics in the self-care behaviors among pregnant women at risk of preterm labor. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 222 pregnant women at risk of preterm labor, selected through stratified sampling with proportional allocation, who were covered by comprehensive health service centers in Bushehr, Iran. The standard Holbrook questionnaire was used to identify women at risk of preterm delivery, and the standard maternal health literacy and Hart self-care questionnaires were used to collect information. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression models in R software (version 4.2.2). Results: Findings of the present study indicated that the most important predictors of self-care were health literacy, economic status, and unplanned pregnancy. Specifically, individuals with limited health literacy (β=-27.78, P<0.001), poor economic status (β=-15.38, P=0.001), and unplanned pregnancy (β=-9.97, P=0.003) showed lower adherence to self-care behaviors. Conclusion: Identifying women at risk of preterm labor with limited health literacy, poor economic status, and unplanned pregnancies is crucial. Therefore, attention to these pregnant women in the process of education and the provision of health services is essential.