The Impact of Betel Nut Chewing on Oral Health in Rural Bangladesh

Background: Betel nut chewing is a deeply ingrained cultural practice in various regions, including rural Bangladesh. Despite its cultural significance, this habit poses significant health risks, particularly concerning oral health. This study aims to assess the impact of betel nut chewing on oral health among individuals in rural Bangladesh. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Jamalpur 250 Bedded General Hospital in Bangladesh from January to July 2023. A total of 150 adult participants were recruited. Data collection involved structured questionnaires covering demographic information, betel nut chewing habits, and self-reported oral health issues, complemented by clinical oral examinations performed by qualified dentists. Results: Out of 150 participants, 100 (66.7%) reported habitual betel nut chewing. Among these chewers, 70% engaged in daily chewing, with 40% having chewed for 5-10 years. Common oral health issues identified among chewers included dental discoloration (60%), periodontal disease (45%), and oral submucous fibrosis (30%). A significant association was observed between the duration of betel nut chewing and the prevalence of oral health conditions; participants chewing for over 10 years exhibited higher rates of oral submucous fibrosis (66.7%) and leukoplakia (33.3%). Conclusion: The study underscores a strong association between betel nut chewing and adverse oral health outcomes in rural Bangladesh. The findings highlight the need for targeted public health interventions to raise awareness about the risks of betel nut consumption and to promote oral health in these communities.