Investigation of the frequency and etiology of cheek bone (zygomatic) fracture in patients referred to the Stomatology Department of Herat Regional Hospital during March till August months of 2024

Background/ introduction: The zygomatic bone is a complex bilateral facial bone that contributes to both aesthetics and function. Zygomatic complex fracture is a common type of facial bone fracture in young men with periorbital ecchymosis as the common clinical presentation and road traffic accidents (RTA) being the common cause. Aim: To determine the frequency of ZBF (Zygomatic Bone Fracture), the cause, the date of registration of the referred patient by month, clinical manifestations, type of anesthesia, and the treatment method performed. Case presentation: The medical records of all cases admitted to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of the Regional Hospital of Herat, Afghanistan were reviewed and all cases diagnosed with ZBF were included in this study. The study data were obtained retrospectively from clinical and surgical records over a 6-month period from March to August 2024. The results were presented as simple frequencies and percentages. Data were stored and statistically analyzed using SPSS (ver. 27.0; SPSS). Conclusion: Zygomatic bone fracture was observed in the highest proportion in the age group of 30 years and in men the main cause of zygomatic bone fracture was due to road accidents, because high-speed driving by young and inexperienced drivers was often prone to ignoring. Or intentional ignoring of traffic rules can lead to an increase in the number of road accidents. March, April and July were associated with the highest number of ZBF cases, pain and edema were the common clinical manifestations of ZBF in the hospital, general anesthesia was the most common type of anesthesia used for 29 patients. The treatment method performed for the patients was Mini Plate Fixation.