Analytical simulation of ternary hybrid nanofluid flow toward an EMHD plate under mixture base fluid, thermal radiation and velocity slip effects

Abstract This paper examined the characteristics of heat transfer of ternary hybrid nanofluid (THNF) flow toward an electromagnetic hydrodynamic (EMHD) plate under the influence of various factors (temperature jump, different nanoparticles, stretching/shrinking, radiation, porous plate, and nanoparticle shape). The novelty lies in the comprehensive analysis of THNFs composed of Fe 3 O 4 –SWCNT–MWCNT nanoparticles within water–ethylene glycol mixtures (Water–EG [70%:30%] and Water–EG [50%:50%]). Mathematically, the study reduced the partial differential equations (PDEs) to a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) for a solution. Thereafter, using the similarity transformation, the PDEs models are diminished to a set of ODEs. This models were resolved analytically with the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) using Mathematica software code and numerically via the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method (RK45) using the Mathematica package. The main outcome of the research reveals the significant impact of nanoparticle shape, concentration, and base fluid composition on the temperature profile of the nanofluid, with spherical nanoparticles exhibiting cooler profiles due to reduced drag forces. The findings contribute insightful observations into the heat transfer demeanor of THNFs, offering a systematic framework for studying complex fluid dynamics phenomena. This work benefits researchers in the thermal management systems field and engineering applications, providing a deeper knowledge of heat transfer mechanisms in nanofluid flows and offering implications for optimizing thermal systems for enhanced efficiency and performance.