Study on the effect of chlorogenic acid on prosthetic joint infection biofilm based on eno gene testing

Abstract Background: Chlorogenic acid, a natural polyphenol found abundantly in plants like honeysuckle and eucommia, possesses broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties with complex mechanisms. Its efficacy in combating biofilms formed by pathogenic bacteria during Prosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) warrants further investigation. Purpose: This study aimed to establish an in vitro model of PJI, extract RNA eluate samples treated with specific concentrations of chlorogenic acid, perform eno gene detection via PCR, and assess chlorogenic acid's ability to disrupt biofilms formed by PJI pathogens by analyzing detection rates and efficiency. Methods: Five common PJI pathogens were cultured at 37°C in monoclonal TSB broth. Glass slides were incubated in a shaker at 37°C for 48 hours to simulate biofilm formation. Samples were divided into distilled water control and chlorogenic acid treatment groups. RNA eluates were extracted using ultrasonic disruption and subjected to eno gene PCR testing. Differences in eno gene detection rates and efficiency between the groups were analyzed. Results: In the distilled water control group, eno gene detection rate was 44.4% with 53.8% accuracy. In the chlorogenic acid group, eno gene detection rate increased to 66.6% with 73.3% accuracy. Chlorogenic acid treatment significantly improved detection rates and efficiency. Compared to the control, chlorogenic acid-treated samples consistently showed robust positive results less prone to confusion or interference. Conclusion: Biofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria closely correlates with PJI development, influencing the detection of specific eno genes. Chlorogenic acid effectively disrupts PJI pathogen biofilms, markedly enhancing eno gene detection rates and accuracy. Post-treatment, positive results demonstrate strong and reliable outcomes less susceptible to interference.