Copper Removal with Zeolite/Polylactic Acid Beads: Neural Networks and Fixed‐Bed Column Insights

Abstract In this study, we evaluate the adsorption efficiency of Philippine natural zeolite/polylactic acid (PNZ/PLA) composite beads for copper removal in fixed‐bed columns. The beads were synthesized via alginate cross‐linking and characterized for structural, thermal, and adsorption properties. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed polymer–zeolite interactions and Cu 2+ coordination, whereas thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) indicated improved thermal stability and zeolite modifications. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)–X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) verified Cu 2+ uptake and reduced porosity. Response surface methodology (RSM) optimization predicted high removal efficiency, validated experimentally. Breakthrough modeling confirmed mass transfer–controlled adsorption, and artificial neural network (ANN) provided superior predictive accuracy. Reusability tests showed sustained adsorption, highlighting our beads’ potential for wastewater treatment.